Definitions for particularly print-based "Techno Latin"- helping define a more clear and fluid understanding of particularly processes or technological terms.
I will use these sources, when designing the print manual, as inspiration for creating my own "spin" and term for each definition- hopefully being as clear and simplistic as possible for universal understanding (in alphabetical order).ADDITIVE COLOUR
http://www.ict4lt.org/en/en_glossary.htm
Additive colour is produced by the addition of light from a luminescent primary source. A light bulb appears white because it emits light in all colours of the visible spectrum, which combine to produce white light. All the colours in the light spectrum add up to make white light. Computer monitors use three additive colours, Red, Green and Blue (RGB), which are combined in different ways to produce millions of other colours.
An additive color model involves light emitted directly from a source or illuminant of some sort. The additive reproduction process usually uses red, green and blue light to produce the other colors. Combining one of these additive primary colors with another in equal amounts produces the additive secondary colors cyan, magenta, and yellow. Combining all three primary lights (colors) in equal intensities produces white. Varying the luminosity of each light (color) eventually reveals the full gamut of those three lights (colors).
CMYK
Cyan, magenta, yellow, and black, the four colors used in most color
printers, usually in two ink cartridges, one of black ink and the other
containing cyan, magenta, and yellow inks in separate reservoirs
cyan, magenta, yellow, key.
A colour model that describes each colour in terms of the quantity of each secondary colour (cyan, magenta, yellow), and "key" (black) it contains. The CMYK system is used for printing. For mixing of pigments, it is better to use the secondary colours, since they mix subtractively instead of additively. The secondary colours of light are cyan, magenta and yellow, which correspond to the primary colours of pigment (blue, red and yellow). In addition, although black could be obtained by mixing these three in equal proportions, in four-colour printing it always has its own ink. This gives the CMYK model. The K stands for "Key' or 'blacK,' so as not to cause confusion with the B in RGB.
Alternative colour models are RGB and HSB.
A colour model that describes each colour in terms of the quantity of each secondary colour (cyan, magenta, yellow), and "key" (black) it contains. The CMYK system is used for printing. For mixing of pigments, it is better to use the secondary colours, since they mix subtractively instead of additively. The secondary colours of light are cyan, magenta and yellow, which correspond to the primary colours of pigment (blue, red and yellow). In addition, although black could be obtained by mixing these three in equal proportions, in four-colour printing it always has its own ink. This gives the CMYK model. The K stands for "Key' or 'blacK,' so as not to cause confusion with the B in RGB.
Alternative colour models are RGB and HSB.
Stands for "Cyan Magenta Yellow Black." These are the four basic colors used for printing color images. Unlike RGB
(red, green, blue), which is used for creating images on your computer
screen, CMYK colors are "subtractive." This means the colors get darker
as you blend them together. Since RGB colors are used for light, not
pigments, the colors grow brighter as you blend them or increase their
intensity.
Technically, adding equal amounts of pure cyan, magenta, and yellow
should produce black. However, because of impurities in the inks, true
black is difficult to create by blending the colors together. This is
why black (K) ink is typically included with the three other colors.
The letter "K" is used to avoid confusion with blue in RGB.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/CMYK
(Cyan Magenta Yellow blacK) The color space
used for commercial printing and most color computer printers. In
theory, cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY) can print all colors, but inks
are not pure and black comes out muddy. The black ink (K) is required
for quality printing. See color space, RGB and ink coverage.
DEBOSS
to indent (a figure or design) into a surface: The design on the book's cover is debossed.
DIE CUT
A method for punching or cutting out any special shapes by using a
metal form that is called a die. Also used to refer to the cut out
shape. Can be used with paper or fabric.
A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or
shape material using a press. Like molds, dies are generally customized
to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from
simple paper clips to complex pieces used in advanced technology.
DIGITAL PRINTING
Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital based image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using large format and/or high volume laser or inkjet printers.
Modern printing methods such as laser and ink-jet printing are known
as digital printing. In digital printing, an image is sent directly to
the printer using digital files such as PDFs and those from graphics
software such as Illustrator and InDesign. This eliminates the need for a
printing plate, which is used in offset printing, which can save money
and time.
Without the need to create a plate, digital printing has brought
about fast turnaround times and printing on demand. Instead of having to
print large, pre-determined runs, requests can be made for as little as
one print. While offset printing still often results in slightly better
quality prints, digital methods are being worked on at a fast rate to
improve quality and lower costs.
DUOTONE
A halftone illustration made from a single original with two different colors at different screen angles.
(Communication Arts / Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) a process
for producing halftone illustrations using two shades of a single
colour or black and a colour.
Duotone is a halftone
reproduction of an image using the superimposition of one contrasting
color halftone (traditionally black) over another color halftone. This
is most often used to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image.
The most common colors used are blue, yellow, browns and reds.
Now due to recent advances in technology, duotones, tritones, and
quadtones can be easily created using image manipulation programs.
DUPLEXING
Paper or cardboard having different colors, finishes, or stocks on opposite sides.
Carve or mold a design on (a surface) so that it stands out in relief.
To mold or carve in relief: emboss a design on a coin.
FLEXOGRAPHY
A rotary relief printing method using rubber or plastic plates and fluid
inks or dyes for printing on fabrics and impervious materials such as
plastics, as well as on paper
A relief printing technique similar to letterpress that employs rubber or soft plastic plates, a simple inking system, and fast-drying inks.
Frequently used for printing on plastic, foil, acetate film, brown paper, and other materials used in packaging.
FLOCKING
Powdered wool or cloth, sprinkled on wallpaper, cloth, or metal to make a raised pattern
Pulverized wool or felt that is applied to paper, cloth, or metal to produce a texture or pattern.
A velvetlike pattern produced on wallpaper or cloth decorated with flock.
(Foil Blocked) A logo or area of type can be printed in a solid (opaque)
foil. Usually gold or silver (as provides a truly “metallic” look),
don’t overlook the stunning other colours to make your piece stand out.
Foil blocking is basically metal foil (usually Silver Foil Blocking or
Gold Foil Blocking) which is used to create shiny metal foil effects on
the paper. Mainly used as a special effect to enhance the overall look
and quality of a print job.
FOUR-COLOUR PROCESS
Reproduction of full-colour photographs or art with the four basic colours of ink (cyan, magenta, yellow, black).
GAMUT
GRAVURE
An image produced from etching a plate through an intaglio process and producing a print from it
A method of printing with etched plates or cylinders; intaglio printing.
GREYSCALE
A series of achromatic tones having varying proportions of white and
black, to give a full range of grays between white and black; a gray
scale is usually divided into 10 steps; however, electronic scanners can
typically differentiate 16 to 256 levels.
IMPOSITION
A particular arrangement of imposed pages
The arrangement of printed matter to form a sequence of pages.
OFFSET LITHOGRAPHY
Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique in which the inked
image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket,
then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water,
the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier on
which the image to be printed obtains ink from ink rollers, while the
non-printing area attracts a water-based film (called "fountain
solution"), keeping the non-printing areas ink-free.
Offset lithography is a process used for printing on a flat
surface, using printing plates. An image is transferred to a printing
plate, which can be made of a variety of materials such as metal or
paper. The plate is then chemically treated so that only image areas
(such as type, colors, shapes and other elements) will accept ink. Water
and ink is applied to the plate. Because of the chemical treatment, ink
only "sticks" to the image areas, which reject the water. Areas without
images reject the ink. The plate is then rolled onto a rubber cylinder
applying the inked area, and in turn the rubber cylinder (or "blanket")
applies the image to the paper. The system is "offset" because the plate
does not come in direct contact with the paper, which preserves the
quality of the plate.
PAD PRINTNG
Pad printing is a printing process that can transfer a 2-D image onto a 3-D object. This is accomplished using an indirect offset (gravure)
printing process that involves an image being transferred from the
printing plate (cliché) via a silicone pad onto a substrate (surface to
be printed). Pad printing is used for printing on otherwise impossible
products in many industries including medical, automotive, promotional,
apparel, electronics, appliances, sports equipment and toys. It can also
be used to deposit functional materials such as conductive inks, adhesives, dyes and lubricants.
Pad printing utilizes a flexible silicone rubber transfer pad that picks
up a film of ink from a photo-etched printing plate and transfers it to
a three-dimensional part surface. The unique properties of silicone
rubber allow distortion-free, single or multi-color images to be applied
to flat, curved, or tapered surfaces with excellent definition and
opacity. Pad printing inks, specifically formulated to adhere to various
substrates, are used to decorate metals and ceramics as well as a wide
range of of plastics. Ink viscosity is controlled by use of a closed-cup
ink reservoir, which is moved over the etched plate by the printer’s
mechanism. For multi-color decorating, two or more pads may apply
additional images and colors to the part, while accurate image
registration is maintained throughout the printing cycle. This precise
repeatability also permits application of the same image for increased
opacity. Fully automatic, high-volume pad printing systems may include
surface pre-treatment, part handling and orientation, ink curing, and
other auxiliary equipment.
PANTONE
A system for matching colors, used in specifying printing inks
PROOFING
Make a proof of (a printed work, engraving, etc.)
REPOGRAPHICS
Reprographics is a blanket term encompassing multiple methods of reproducing content, such as scanning , photography, xerography and digital printing. The term applies to both physical ( hard copy ) and digital ( soft copy ) reproductions of documents and images.
RGB
The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and
blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array
of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three
additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.
RGB is an abbreviation for "Red Green Blue". RGB is a color model
used on displays where red, green, and blue light are combined to make
millions of colors.
RGB is how colors combine on screens because they are viewed
directly, and not reflected off anything - like colors in traditional color theory which is based on reflective colors usually on paper.
ROTARY SCREEN PRINT
Support discs are arranged normal to the screen axis and on opposite end
pieces of the cylindrical screen, and portions of the screen holder are
disposed in the space between the axially normal support discs of the
screen end pieces and the cylindrical screen per se, whereby the support
discs of the screen end pieces are rotatably supported adjacent the
cylindrical screen by axial bearings carried preferably by the discs and
engaging on portions of the screen holder as interposed between the
axially normal support discs and the cylindrical screen. The support
discs are preferably interchangeable on different screens and are
preferably formed as radially projecting annular discs. Furthermore the
support disc of at least one of the two screen end pieces can have outer
peripheral serrations to serve as a ratio wheel and/or synchronous
driving wheel of the cylindrical screen.
SCREEN PRINT
Force ink or metal onto (a surface) through a prepared screen of fine material so as to create a picture or pattern
Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil.
The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or
other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a
sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas.
SPOT COLOUR
In offset printing, a spot color is any color generated by an ink (pure or mixed) that is printed using a single run.
Refers to a method of specifying and printing colors in
which each color is printed with its own ink. In contrast, process color
printing uses four inks (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) to produce
all other colors. Spot color printing is effective when the printed
matter contains only one to three different colors, but it becomes
prohibitively expensive for more colors.
Most desktop publishing and graphics applications allow you to specify spot colors for text and other elements. There are a number of color specification systems for specifying spot colors, but Pantone is the most widely used.
SPOT UV VARNISH
(Spot UV Varnished) Where an area/areas are picked out in high gloss.
Stunning effect, works best with matt lamination for max contrast.
A varnish is a liquid coating applied to a printed surface (for example
the outside of a presentation folder) to add a clear glossy, matte,
satin, or neutral finish.
STOCK
SUBTRACTIVE COLOUR
A subtractive color model explains the mixing of paints, dyes, inks, and natural colorants to create a full range of colors, each caused by subtracting (that is, absorbing) some wavelengths of light and reflecting the others. The color that a surface displays depends on which colors of the electromagnetic spectrum are reflected by it and therefore made visible.
UNIT
An individual thing or person regarded as single and complete, esp. for purposes of calculation.
WEB OFFSET
Offset printing on continuous paper fed from a reel
Web offset is a form of offset printing
in which a continuous roll of paper is fed through the printing press.
Pages are separated and cut to size after they have been printed. Web
offset printing is used for high-volume publications such as mass-market
books, magazines, newspapers, catalogs and brochures.
*All of my adapted definitions will be available for view in the glossary of my print manual, to be published on my Design Practice blog in the near future.
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