Researching information about the die cut print finish technique for developing my own specific content for my ISSUU- based design for print publication. I hope this research will give me a full, fluent understanding of the finish and process of die cutting in a professional environment. Developments of this project can be found on my Design Practice blog over the upcoming days and weeks.
http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=die+cutting&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a#hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=lY8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=die+cutting&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=ciCtTo_rDoyz8QOF9ImgCw&ved=0CB8QkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=dda4e66ed3be77a4&biw=1280&bih=635
DEFINITIONS OF DIE CUTTING
- Shearing, also known as die cutting, is a metalworking process which cuts stock without the formation of chips or the use of burning or melting. ...
- Die cutting is the process of using a die to shear webs of low strength materials, such as rubber, fiber, cloth, paper, corrugated fiberboard, paperboard, plastics, pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, foam and sheet metal. ...
- A method of using sharp steel ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes i.e. labels, boxes, image shapes, either post press or in line. The process of cutting paper in a shape or design by the use of a wooden die or block in which are positioned steel rules in the shape of the desired pattern.
- Process of using sharp metal rules on a wooden block to cut out specialised shapes such as pocket folders or unusual shaped flyers etc.
- Curing images in or out of paper.
- Using a die to cut paper. For example, it is commonly used for cutting slits for business cards to be inserted on a booklet or folder
- cutting custom shapes out of a piece of paper using a "die" made with sharp metal-edged rules that have been mounted onto wood.
- The method of using sharp edged cutting dies to cut out shapes from a wide array of soft to semi-rigid materials. The action of making piece parts from bulk materials using cutting dies and presses.
- A method of using sharp steel ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes i.e. labels, boxes, image shapes, either post press or in line.
- uses a wooden die with metal (in the shape of the piece). It is placed on a letterpress and the paper is pressed onto the die and cut into the desired shape.
- The process of using sharp steel rules to cut special shapes into printed sheets.
- Cutting irregular shapes in paper using metal rules mounted on a letter press.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-die-cutting.htm
Die cutting
is a manufacturing process used to generate large numbers of the same
shape from a material such as wood, plastic, metal, or fabric. The die
cut shapes are sometimes called “blanks,” because they are usually
finished and decorated before being sold. The process is widely used on
an assortment of materials all over the world, and many manufactured
products contain several die cut components, often assembled together in a series of steps to create a finished product.
Sharp specially shaped blades are used in die cutting. The blade is bent into the desired shape and mounted to a strong backing. The result is known as a die. The material being cut is placed on a flat surface with a supportive backing, and the die is pressed onto the material to cut it. Depending on what is being made, a single die might cut one piece of material, or it might be designed to slice through multiple layers, generating a stack of blanks.
Many consumers find it helpful to consider a cookie cutter when thinking about die cutting. The cookie cutter is a type of die which is capable of cutting
out a potentially infinite amount of blanks. Each blank will be exactly
the same shape and size, meaning that the blanks can be cooked
uniformly together and decorated at will for individuality. The
alternative is cutting out each cookie by hand, a painstaking process which would result in irregular final products.
Die (manufacturing)
A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material using a press. Like molds, dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from simple paper clips to complex pieces used in advanced technology.
Die forming
Forming dies are typically made by tool and die makers and put into production after mounting into a press. The die is a metal block that is used for forming materials like sheet metal and plastic. For the vacuum forming of plastic sheet only a single form is used, typically to form transparent plastic containers (called blister packs) for merchandise. Vacuum forming is considered a simple molding thermoforming process but uses the same principles as die forming. For the forming of sheet metal, such as automobile body parts, two parts may be used, one, called the punch, performs the stretching, bending, and/or blanking operation, while another part, called the die block,
securely clamps the workpiece and provides similar, stretching,
bending, and/or blanking operation. The workpiece may pass through
several stages using different tools or operations to obtain the final
form. In the case of an automotive component there will usually be a
shearing operation after the main forming is done and then additional
crimping or rolling operations to ensure that all sharp edges are hidden
and to add rigidity to the panel.
Die components
The main components for Die Toolsets are:
- Die block - This is the main part that all the other parts are attached to.
- Punch plate - This part holds and supports the different punches in place.
- Blank punch - This part along with the Blank Die produces the blanked part.
- Pierce punch - This part along with the Pierce Die removes parts from the blanked finished part.
- Stripper plate - This is used to hold the material down on the Blank/ Pierce Die and strip the material off the punches.
- Pilot - This is used to keep the material being worked on in position.
- Guide / Back gage / Finger stop - These parts are all used to make sure that the material being worked on always goes in the same position, within the die, as the last one.
- Setting (Stop) Block - This part is used to control the depth that the punch goes into the die.
- Blanking Dies - See Blanking Punch
- Pierce Die - See Pierce Punch.
Die operations and types
Die operations are often named after the specific type of die that
performs the operation. For example a bending operation is performed by a
bending die. Operations are not limited to one specific die as some
dies may incorporate multiple operation types:
- Bending: The bending operation is the act of bending blanks at a predetermined angle. An example would be an "L" bracket which is a straight piece of metal bent at a 90° angle. The main difference between a forming operation and a bending operation is the bending operation creates a straight line bend (such as a corner in a box) as where a form operation may create a curved bend (such as the bottom of a drink can).
- Blanking: A blanking die produces a flat piece of material by
cutting the desired shape in one operation. The finish part is referred
to as a blank. Generally a blanking die may only cut the outside
contour of a part, often used for parts with no internal features.
Three benefits to die blanking are:
- Accuracy. A properly sharpened die, with the correct amount of clearance between the punch and die, will produce a part that holds close dimensional tolerances in relationship to the parts edges.
- Appearance. Since the part is blanked in one operation, the finish edges of the part produces a uniform appearance as opposed to varying degrees of burnishing from multiple operations.
- Flatness. Due to the even compression of the blanking process, the end result is a flat part that may retain a specific level of flatness for additional manufacturing operations.
- Broaching: The process of removing material through the use of multiple cutting teeth, with each tooth cutting behind the other. A broaching die is often used to remove material from parts that are too thick for shaving.
- Bulging: A bulging die expands the closed end of tube through the use of two types of bulging dies. Similar to the way a chefs hat bulges out at the top from the cylindrical band around the chefs head.
- Bulging fluid dies: Uses water or oil as a vehicle to expand the part.
- Bulging rubber dies: Uses a rubber pad or block under pressure to move the wall of a workpiece.
- Coining: is similar to forming with the main difference being that a coining die may form completely different features on either face of the blank, these features being transferred from the face of the punch or die respectively. The coining die and punch flow the metal by squeezing the blank within a confined area, instead of bending the blank. For example: an Olympic medal that was formed from a coining die may have a flat surface on the back and a raised feature on the front. If the medal was formed (or embossed), the surface on the back would be the reverse image of the front.
- Compound operations: Compound dies perform multiple operations on the part. The compound operation is the act of implementing more than one operation during the press cycle.
- Compound die: A type of die that has the die block (matrix) mounted on a punch plate with perforators in the upper die with the inner punch mounted in the lower die set. An inverted type of blanking die that punches upwards, leaving the part sitting on the lower punch (after being shed from the upper matrix on the press return stroke) instead of blanking the part through. A compound die allows the cutting of internal and external part features on a single press stroke.
- Curling: The curling operation is used to roll the material into a curved shape. A door hinge is an example of a part created by a curling die.
- Cut off: Cut off dies are used to cut off excess material from a finished end of a part or to cut off a predetermined length of material strip for additional operations.
- Drawing: The drawing operation is very similar to the forming operation except that the drawing operation undergoes severe plastic deformation and the material of the part extends around the sides. A metal cup with a detailed feature at the bottom is an example of the difference between formed and drawn. The bottom of the cup was formed while the sides were drawn.
- Extruding: Extruding is the act of severely deforming blanks of metal called slugs into finished parts such as an aluminum I-beam. Extrusion dies use extremely high pressure from the punch to squeeze the metal out into the desired form. The difference between cold forming and extrusion is extruded parts do not take shape of the punch.
- Forming: Forming dies bend the blank along a curved surface. An example of a part that has been formed would be the positive end(+) of a AA battery.
- Cold forming (cold heading): Cold forming is similar to extruding in that it squeezes the blank material but cold forming uses the punch and the die to create the desired form, extruding does not.
- Roll forming: a continuous bending operation in which sheet or strip metal is gradually formed in tandem sets of rollers until the desired cross-sectional configuration is obtained. Roll forming is ideal for producing parts with long lengths or in large quantities.
- Horning: A horning die provides an arbor or horn which the parts are place for secondary operations.
- Hydroforming: Forming of tubular part from simpler tubes with high water pressure.
- Pancake die: A Pancake die is a simple type of manufacturing die that performs blanking and/or piercing. While many dies perform complex procedures simultaneously, a pancake die may only perform one simple procedure with the finished product being removed by hand.
- Piercing: The piercing operation is used to pierce holes in stampings.
- Progressive die: Progressive dies provide different stations for operations to be performed. A common practice is to move the material through the die so it is progressively modified at each station until the final operation ejects a finished part.
- Shaving: The shaving operation removes a small amount of material from the edges of the part to improve the edges finish or part accuracy. (Compare to Trimming).
- Side cam die: Side cams transform vertical motion from the press ram into horizontal or angular motion.
- Sub press operation: Sub-press dies blank and/or form small watch, clock, and instrument parts.
- Swaging: Swaging (necking) is the process of "necking down" a feature on a part. Swaging is the opposite of bulging as it reduces the size of the part. The end of a shell casing that captures the bullet is an example of swaging.
- Trimming: Trimming dies cut away excess or unwanted irregular features from a part, they are usually the last operation performed.
- what do you call upper part of die and lower part of die..?
Steel-rule die
Steel-rule dies, also known as cookie-cutter dies, are used to cut sheet metal and softer webs, such as plastics, wood, cork, felt, fabrics, and cardboard. The cutting surface of the die is the edge of hardened steel strips, known as steel rule. These steel rules are usually located using saw-cut grooves in plywood. The mating die can be a flat pieces of hardwood
or steel, a male shape that matches the workpiece profile, or it can
have a matching groove that allows the rule to nest into. Rubber strips
are wedged in with the steel rule to act as the stripper plate; the
rubber compresses on the down-stroke and on the up-stroke it pushes the
workpiece out of the die. The main advantage of steel-rule dies is the
low cost to make them, as compared to solid dies; however, they are not
as robust as solid dies, so they usually only used for short production
runs.
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A steel-rule die
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A steel-rule die
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Steel-rule die in a press
Rotary die
In the broadest sense, a rotary die is a circular shaped die
that may be used in any manufacturing field. However, it most commonly
refers to circular shaped dies used to process soft webs, such as paper
and cardboard. Two dies are used, one has cutting and creasing rules,
while the other acts as the anvil. Rotary dies are faster than flat
dies, but not as accurate.
Wire pulling
Wire-making dies have a hole through the middle of them. A wire or rod of steel, copper, other metals, or alloy
enters into one side and is lubricated and reduced in size. The leading
tip of the wire is usually pointed in the process. The tip of the wire
is then guided into the die and rolled onto a block on the opposite
side. The block provides the power to pull the wire through the die.
The die is divided into several different sections. First is an
entrance angle that guides the wire into the die. Next is the approach
angle, which brings the wire to the nib, which facilitates the
reduction. Next is the bearing and the back relief. Lubrication is added
at the entrance angle. The lube can be in powdered soap form. If the
lubricant is soap, the friction of the drawing of wire heats the soap to
liquid form and coats the wire. The wire should never actually come in
contact with the die. A thin coat of lubricant should prevent the metal
to metal contact.
For pulling a substantial rod down to a fine wire a series of several
dies is used to obtain progressive reduction of diameter in stages.
Standard wire gauges
used to refer to the number of dies through which the wire had been
pulled. Thus, a higher-numbered wire gauge meant a thinner wire. Typical
telephone wires were 22-gauge, while main power cables might be 3- or 4-gauge.
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