As part of my 'History of the Academy Awards' presentation pack, I aim to have a specific printed section for the Academy Award winning actors and actresses. Below, I have done some initial research into the history of the given awards, as well as the specific recipients of the award. Unlike the Best Film category of my printed media, this time I will print only the winners (and not the nominees), as I feel this has less impact in general interest than the nominees for Best Film.
ACADEMY AWARD WINNING ACTRESSES/ROLES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress
Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. Prior to the 49th Academy Awards ceremony (1976), this award was simply known as the Academy Award of Merit for Performance by an Actress. Since its inception, however, the award has commonly been referred to as the Oscar for Best Actress. While actresses are nominated for this award by Academy members who are actors and actresses themselves, winners are selected by the Academy membership as a whole.
HISTORY
Throughout the past 84 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, AMPAS has presented a total of 85 Best Actress awards to 70 different actresses. Winners of this Academy Award of Merit receive the familiar Oscar statuette, depicting a gold-plated knight holding a crusader's sword and standing on a reel of film. The first recipient was Janet Gaynor, who was honored at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony (1929) for her performances in Seventh Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. The most recent recipient was Meryl Streep, who was honored at the84th Academy Awards ceremony (2012) for her performance in The Iron Lady.
In the first three years of the Academy Awards, individuals such as actors and directors were nominated as the best in their categories. Then all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award. However, during the 3rd Academy Awards ceremony (1930), only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award, even though each of the acting winners had had two films following their names on the ballots. For the 4th Academy Awards ceremony (1931), this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film. Such nominations are limited to five per year. Until the 8th Academy Awardsceremony (1936), nominations for the Best Actress award were intended to include all actresses, whether the performance was in either a leading or supporting role. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony (1937), however, the Best Supporting Actress category was specifically introduced as a distinct award following complaints that the single Best Actress category necessarily favored leading performers with the most screen time. Currently, Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role, and Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role constitute the four Academy Awards of Merit for acting annually presented by AMPAS.
ACTRESS//Janet Gaynor
FILM//Seventh Heaven/Street Angel/Sunrise
ROLE//Diane/Angela/The Wife- Indre
1928/9
ACTRESS//Mary Pickford
FILM//Coquette
ROLE//Norma Besant
1929/30
ACTRESS//Norma Shearer
FILM//The Divorcee
ROLE//Jerry Bernard Martin
1930/1
ACTRESS//Marie Dressler
FILM//Min and Bill
ROLE//Min Divot, Inkeeper
1930/2
ACTRESS//Helen Hayes
FILM//The Sin of Madelon Claudet
ROLE//Madelon Claudet
1930/3
ACTRESS//Katherine Hepburn
FILM//Morning Glory
ROLE//Eva Lovelace
1934
ACTRESS//Claudette Colbert
FILM//It Happened One Night
ROLE//Ellie Andrews
1935
ACTRESS//Bette Davies
FILM//Dangerous
ROLE//Joyce Heath
1936
ACTRESS//Luise Rainer
FILM//The Great Zeigfeld
ROLE//Anna Held
1937
ACTRESS//Luise Rainer
FILM//The Good Earth
ROLE//O-Lan
1938
ACTRESS//Bette Davies
FILM//Jezebel
ROLE//Julie Marsden
1939
ACTRESS//Vivien Leigh
FILM//Gone with the Wind
ROLE//Scarlett O'Hara
1940
ACTRESS//Ginger Rogers
FILM//Kitty Foyle
ROLE//Kitty Foyle
1941
ACTRESS//Joan Fontaine
FILM//Suspicion
ROLE//Lina McLaidlaw Aysgarth
1942
ACTRESS//Greer Garson
FILM//Mrs. Miniver
ROLE//Kay Miniver
1943
ACTRESS//Jennifer Jones
FILM//The Song of Bernadette
ROLE//Bernadette Soubirous
1944
ACTRESS//Ingrid Bergman
FILM//Gaslight
ROLE//Paula Alquist Anton
1945
ACTRESS//Joan Crawford
FILM//Mildred Pierce
ROLE//Mildred Pierce Beragon
1946
ACTRESS//Olivia de Havilland
FILM//To Each His Own
ROLE//Josephine 'Jody' Norris
1947
ACTRESS//Loretta Young
FILM//The Farmer's Daughter
ROLE//Katrin Holstom
1948
ACTRESS//Jane Wyman
FILM//Johnny Belinda
ROLE//Belinda McDonald
1949
ACTRESS//Olivia de Havilland
FILM//The Heiress
ROLE//Catherine Sloper
1950
ACTRESS//Judy Holliday
FILM//Born Yesterday
ROLE//Emma 'Billie' Dawn
1951
ACTRESS//Vivien Leigh
FILM//A Streetcar Named Desire
ROLE//Blanche DuBois
1952
ACTRESS//Shirley Booth
FILM//Come Back, Little Sheba
ROLE//Lola Delany
1953
ACTRESS//Audrey Hepburn
FILM//Roman Holiday
ROLE//Princess Ann
1954
ACTRESS//Grace Kelly
FILM//The Country Girl
ROLE//Georgie Elgin
1955
ACTRESS//Anna Magnani
FILM//The Rose Tattoo
ROLE//Serafina Delle Rose
1956
ACTRESS//Ingrid Bergman
FILM//Anastasia
ROLE//Anna Koreff/Anastasia
1957
ACTRESS//Joanne Woodward
FILM//The Three Faces of Eve
ROLE//Eve White/Eve Black/Jane
1958
ACTRESS//Susan Hayward
FILM//I want to live!
ROLE//Barbara Graham
1959
ACTRESS//Simone Signoret
FILM//Room at the Top
ROLE//Alice Aisgill
1960
ACTRESS//Elizabeth Taylor
FILM//BUtterfield 8
ROLE//Gloria Wondrous
1961
ACTRESS//Sophia Loren
FILM//Two Women
ROLE//Cesira
1962
ACTRESS//Anne Bancroft
FILM//The Miracle Worker
ROLE//Annie Sullivan
1963
ACTRESS//Patricia Neale
FILM//Hud
ROLE//Alma Brown
1964
ACTRESS//Julie Andrews
FILM//Mary Poppins
ROLE//Mary Poppins
1965
ACTRESS//Julie Christie
FILM//Darling
ROLE//Diana Scott
1966
ACTRESS//Elizabeth Taylor
FILM//Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
ROLE//Martha
1967
ACTRESS//Katharine Hepburn
FILM//Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
ROLE//Christina Drayton
1968
ACTRESS//Katharine Hepburn/Barbara Streisand
FILM//The Lion in Winter/Funny Girl
ROLE//Eleanor of Aquitaine/Fanny Brice
1969
ACTRESS//Maggie Smith
FILM//The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie
ROLE//Jean Brodie
1970
ACTRESS//Glenda Jackson
FILM//Women in Love
ROLE//Gudrun Brangwen
1971
ACTRESS//Jane Fonda
FILM//Klute
ROLE//Bree Daniels
1972
ACTRESS//Liza Minelli
FILM//Cabaret
ROLE//Sally Bowles
1973
ACTRESS//Glenda Jackson
FILM//A Touch of Class
ROLE//Vicki Allesio
1974
ACTRESS//Ellen Burstyn
FILM//Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore
ROLE//Alice Hyatt
1975
ACTRESS//Louise Fletcher
FILM//One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
ROLE//Nurse Mildred Ratched
1976
ACTRESS//Faye Dunaway
FILM//Network
ROLE//Diana Christensen
1977
ACTRESS//Diane Keaton
FILM//Annie Hall
ROLE//Annie Hall
1978
ACTRESS//Jane Fonda
FILM//Coming Home
ROLE//Sally Hyde
1979
ACTRESS//Sally Field
FILM//Norma Rae
ROLE//Norma Rae Webster
1980
ACTRESS//Sissy Spacek
FILM//Coal Miner's Daughter
ROLE//Loretta Lynn
1981
ACTRESS//Katharine Hepburn
FILM//On Golden Pond
ROLE//Ethel Thayer
1982
ACTRESS//Meryl Streep
FILM//Sophie's Choice
ROLE//Sophie Zawistowski
1983
ACTRESS//Shirley MacLaine
FILM//Terms of Endearment
ROLE//Aurora Greenway
1984
ACTRESS//Sally Field
FILM//Places in the Heart
ROLE//Edna Spalding
1985
ACTRESS//Geraldine Page
FILM//The Trip to Bountiful
ROLE//Carrie Watts
1986
ACTRESS//Marlee Matlin
FILM//Children of a Lesser God
ROLE//Sarah Norman
1987
ACTRESS//Cher
FILM//Moonstruck
ROLE//Loretta Castrorini
1988
ACTRESS//Jodie Foster
FILM//The Accused
ROLE//Sarah Tobias
1989
ACTRESS//Jessica Tandy
FILM//Driving Miss Daisy
ROLE//Daisy Werthan
1990
ACTRESS//Kathy Bates
FILM//Misery
ROLE//Annie Wilkes
1991
ACTRESS//Jodie Foster
FILM//The Silence of the Lambs
ROLE//Clarice Starling
1992
ACTRESS//Emma Thompson
FILM//Howards End
ROLE//Margaret Schlegel
1993
ACTRESS//Holly Hunter
FILM//The Piano
ROLE//Ada McGrath
1994
ACTRESS//Jessica Lange
FILM//Blue Sky
ROLE//Carly Marshall
1995
ACTRESS//Susan Sarandon
FILM//Dead Man Walking
ROLE//Helen Prejean
1996
ACTRESS//Frances McDormand
FILM//Fargo
ROLE//Marge Gunderson
1997
ACTRESS//Helen Hunt
FILM//As Good as It Gets
ROLE//Carol Connelly
1998
ACTRESS//Gwenyth Paltrow
FILM//Shakespeare in Love
ROLE//Viola De Lesseps
1999
ACTRESS//Hilary Swank
FILM//Boy's Don't Cry
ROLE//Brandon Teena
2000
ACTRESS//Julia Roberts
FILM//Erin Brockovich
ROLE//Erin Brockovich
2001
ACTRESS//Halle Berry
FILM//Monster's Ball
ROLE//Leticia Musgrove
2002
ACTRESS//Nicole Kidman
FILM//The Hours
ROLE//Virginia Woolf
2003
ACTRESS//Charlize Theron
FILM//Monster
ROLE//Aileen Wuornos
2004
ACTRESS//Hilary Swank
FILM//Million Dollar Baby
ROLE//Maggie Fitzgerald
2005
ACTRESS//Reese Witherspoon
FILM//Walk the Line
ROLE//June Carter
2006
ACTRESS//Helen Mirren
FILM//The Queen
ROLE//Queen Elizabeth II
2007
ACTRESS//Marion Cotillard
FILM//La Vie en Rose
ROLE//Edith Paif
2008
ACTRESS//Kate Winslet
FILM//The Reader
ROLE//Hannah Schmitz
2009
ACTRESS//Sandra Bullock
FILM//The Blind Side
ROLE//Leigh Anne Tuohy
2010
ACTRESS//Natalie Portman
FILM//Black Swan
ROLE//Nina Sayers
2011
ACTRESS//Meryl Streep
FILM//The Iron Lady
ROLE//Margaret Thatcher
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